The correct option is Pictorial mosaic work using semi-precious stones.
Explanation
Pietra dura (Italian for "hard stone") is a decorative architectural technique that involves the inlay of highly polished, colored semi-precious stones into a stone background, typically white marble. In the context of Mughal architecture, this technique is also known as Parchin Kari.
Option Analysis
- Pictorial mosaic work using semi-precious stones is Correct: Pietra dura refers specifically to the pictorial mosaic work created by inlaying semi-precious stones such as lapis lazuli, jasper, topaz, and cornelian into marble. This technique creates intricate floral and geometric designs. It was introduced in India during the reign of Jahangir and reached its zenith under Shah Jahan. The Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah marks the transition from red sandstone to white marble with extensive pietra dura work, while the Taj Mahal represents the pinnacle of this art form.
- Geometric designs created by interlocking bricks is Incorrect: Geometric designs created by interlocking bricks or stone lattices are distinct decorative features known as geometric patterns or Jali work, but they do not constitute pietra dura.
- The art of calligraphy on plaster is Incorrect: The art of calligraphy involves inscribing Quranic verses on walls and arches. While it is a prominent feature of Islamic and Mughal architecture, it is distinct from the stone inlay technique of pietra dura.
- The construction of double domes is Incorrect: The construction of double domes is a structural innovation (seen in Humayun's Tomb) designed to provide an imposing exterior height while maintaining a proportionate interior ceiling. It is unrelated to surface decoration techniques.
Key Takeaway: Pietra dura is the decorative inlay technique using semi-precious stones in marble, extensively used in the Taj Mahal and the Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah.