The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Mithila painting, popularly known as Madhubani painting, is a traditional folk art form originating from the Mithila region of Bihar and parts of Nepal. It is renowned for its vibrant colors, geometrical patterns, and mythological themes.
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Kohbar painting is a specific style within the Mithila tradition, traditionally executed on the walls of the nuptial chamber (Kohbar Ghar). It is highly symbolic of fertility and marital felicity. The imagery typically features divine couples like Shiva-Parvati and Radha-Krishna to bless the newlyweds, along with symbols of prosperity such as the lotus and bamboo.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Mithila art is deeply connected to nature and Hindu deities. Celestial bodies, particularly the Sun and the Moon, are central motifs in these paintings and are frequently depicted to represent life, energy, and prosperity. They are not avoided in the iconography.
- Statement 3 is Correct: A defining characteristic of this style is 'horror vacui', or the fear of empty space. Artists ensure that no part of the canvas or wall is left blank. The spaces between the main figures are densely filled with paintings of flowers, birds, animals, or geometric designs.
Key Takeaway: Madhubani paintings are characterized by the use of natural dyes, double-line borders, and the technique of filling all available space with intricate patterns derived from nature and mythology.