The correct option is Ibn Battuta.
Explanation
The Delhi Sultanate attracted numerous scholars and travellers from the Islamic world. Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq was known for his patronage of foreign scholars, often appointing them to high administrative and judicial posts based on their merit and learning.
Detailed Analysis:
- Al-Biruni is Incorrect: Al-Biruni (973-1048 CE) was a Persian scholar who accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni to India in the 11th century. He authored the Kitab-ul-Hind, a detailed account of Indian society, religion, and science, but he predates the Tughlaq dynasty by several centuries.
- Ibn Battuta is Correct: Ibn Battuta (1304-1369 CE) was a Moroccan traveller who arrived in India in 1333 CE during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. The Sultan was impressed by his scholarship and appointed him as the qazi (judge) of Delhi. He held this position for several years before being sent as the Sultan's envoy to the Mongol court in China. His travelogue is known as the Rihla.
- Abdur Razzaq is Incorrect: Abdur Razzaq was a Persian ambassador sent by Shah Rukh (the Timurid ruler) to the court of the Zamorin of Calicut and later to the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Devaraya II in the 15th century.
- Seydi Ali Reis is Incorrect: Seydi Ali Reis was an Ottoman admiral and traveller who visited India in the 16th century during the Mughal period (reign of Humayun and early Akbar). He wrote the Mirat-ul-Memalik (Mirror of Countries).
Key Takeaway: Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan traveller, served as the qazi of Delhi under Muhammad bin Tughlaq and provided extensive details about the Sultan's administration, the postal system, and the socio-political condition of 14th-century India in his book Rihla.