The correct option is The monolithic shaft
Explanation
Mauryan pillars are structurally divided into two primary components: the Shaft and the Capital. The shaft is a long, tapering monolith that serves as the support, while the capital is the separate ornamental sculpture placed on top of the shaft. The question specifically asks about the components of the "Capital itself," excluding the supporting structure.
Option Analysis:
- The monolithic shaft The monolithic shaft: Correct. The shaft is the main column of the pillar. It supports the capital but is distinct from it. Therefore, it is not considered a component part of the capital.
- The lotus bell base The lotus bell base: Incorrect. This is the lowest part of the capital. It is shaped like an inverted lotus (often termed the "bell capital") and serves as the base for the abacus.
- The abacus The abacus: Incorrect. The abacus is the circular drum resting on the lotus bell base. In the Sarnath Capital, it features relief carvings of a lion, bull, elephant, and horse, separated by chakras.
- The crowning figures The crowning figures: Incorrect. These are the four majestic lions seated back-to-back on the abacus. They constitute the topmost element of the extant capital.
Key Takeaway:
The Sarnath Lion Capital comprises three distinct parts: the Bell Base (inverted lotus), the Abacus (drum), and the Crowning Figures (lions). The Shaft is the pillar column underneath and is not part of the capital assembly.