The correct Answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
Stupas are significant Buddhist architectural structures, primarily serving as reliquaries or commemorative monuments. Their construction and characteristics evolved over centuries, reflecting regional styles and patronage.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Bairat : Example of 3rd century BCE stupa structure
Correct: The stupa at Bairat (Rajasthan) is an early Buddhist site, and archaeological evidence indicates its construction dates back to the Mauryan period, specifically the 3rd century BCE, during the time of Ashoka.
- Sanchi : Built with bricks during Ashoka's time
Correct: The original stupa at Sanchi (Stupa No. 1) was indeed constructed with bricks during the reign of Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. It was later enlarged and encased in stone.
- Rajagraha : Constructed over relics of Buddha
Correct: Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) is one of the eight places where the original relics of Buddha were enshrined in stupas after his Mahaparinirvana. These are known as the 'Saririka Stupas'.
- Gandhara : Stupa site outside Gangetic valley
Correct: The Gandhara region, encompassing parts of modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan, was a prominent center of Buddhist art and architecture, including numerous stupa sites. Geographically, it lies to the northwest of the Gangetic valley.
Key Takeaway
Early stupa sites like Bairat and Sanchi date to the Mauryan period, often built with bricks, while sites like Rajagriha hold original Buddha relics, and Gandhara represents a significant Buddhist architectural tradition outside the Gangetic plain.