Correct Option
The correct option is Equatorial Low -> Subtropical High -> Subpolar Low -> Polar High.
Explanation
The global distribution of atmospheric pressure is arranged in distinct zonal belts extending east-west around the Earth. These belts are formed due to the interplay of thermal factors (differential heating by the sun) and dynamic factors (Earth's rotation and subsidence of air).
Sequence Analysis
The pressure belts are arranged in a specific alternating order from the Equator towards the Poles:
- Equatorial Low Pressure Belt (0°-10° N/S): Also known as the "Doldrums" or the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). This is a thermally induced low-pressure zone caused by intense solar heating, which leads to the ascent of warm air.
- Subtropical High Pressure Belt (30° N/S): Also known as the "Horse Latitudes." Air rising from the Equator cools and descends at these latitudes. This subsidence creates a dynamically induced high-pressure zone.
- Subpolar Low Pressure Belt (60° N/S): This is a dynamically induced low-pressure zone formed by the convergence of warm westerlies from the subtropics and cold polar easterlies. The rotation of the Earth facilitates the rising of air in this region.
- Polar High Pressure Belt (90° N/S): Located at the North and South Poles. Extremely low temperatures cause the air to compress and subside, creating a thermally induced high-pressure zone.
Therefore, the correct sequence is Equatorial Low → Subtropical High → Subpolar Low → Polar High.
Key Takeaway: Atmospheric pressure belts alternate between low and high pressure from the Equator to the Poles, driven by a combination of thermal heating (Equator and Poles) and dynamic air movement (Subtropics and Subpolar regions).