NCERT Class 8 Environment & Ecology — Chapter 1: Conservation of plants and animals

Correct Option

The correct option is

Introduction of invasive alien species

Explanation

Endemic species are organisms that are native to and restricted to a specific geographical region. Because they have evolved in isolation within a limited range, they often lack adaptations to deal with new competitors, predators, or diseases, making them highly vulnerable to external ecological disturbances.

Detailed Analysis:

• Strict protection of their natural habitat is Incorrect: Strict protection of natural habitats is a conservation strategy intended to safeguard endemic species by preserving the specific ecological conditions they require for survival.
• Natural population growth of the species is Incorrect: Natural population growth is generally a sign of a healthy species and ecosystem, provided it remains within the carrying capacity of the habitat. It is not considered a threat.
• Introduction of invasive alien species is Correct: Invasive alien species are non-native organisms introduced to an ecosystem. They often reproduce rapidly and lack natural predators in the new environment. They threaten endemic species by:
  • Direct predation.
  • Competition for limited resources (food, space, light).
  • Alteration of the physical habitat.
  • Introduction of new diseases.
  This is a leading cause of extinction for endemic populations, particularly in island ecosystems.
• Prohibition of hunting in the area is Incorrect: The prohibition of hunting is a protective legal measure designed to reduce anthropogenic mortality and conserve biodiversity.

Key Takeaway:

Invasive alien species constitute one of the most significant drivers of biodiversity loss, specifically threatening endemic species by disrupting the ecological balance and outcompeting native biota.