The correct option is 52nd Amendment.
Explanation
The Anti-Defection Law was introduced to curb the political instability caused by the frequent changing of parties by elected representatives. It provides for the disqualification of members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the grounds of defection.
Option Analysis:
- 52nd Amendment is Correct: The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985, introduced the Anti-Defection Law. This amendment added the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution, which details the provisions regarding disqualification on the ground of defection.
- 42nd Amendment is Incorrect: The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, is often referred to as the "Mini-Constitution." It introduced the Fundamental Duties, added the words "Socialist," "Secular," and "Integrity" to the Preamble, and made extensive changes to the administrative and judicial powers.
- 44th Amendment is Incorrect: The 44th Amendment Act, 1978, was enacted primarily to nullify several distortions introduced by the 42nd Amendment during the Emergency. It notably removed the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights.
- 61st Amendment is Incorrect: The 61st Amendment Act, 1989, lowered the voting age for elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies from 21 years to 18 years.
Key Takeaway: The 52nd Amendment Act (1985) added the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution, establishing the legal framework for the Anti-Defection Law.