Kanchipuram
Explanation
The Pallava dynasty was a dominant power in South India, ruling from the 4th to the 9th century CE. Their kingdom was centered around the Tondaimandalam region, and they played a crucial role in the development of Dravidian architecture and Sanskrit learning.
Analysis of Options:
- Aihole: Incorrect. Aihole was the first capital of the Chalukyas of Badami before it was shifted to Vatapi (Badami). It is historically significant for its temple architecture and the Aihole Inscription of Pulakeshin II.
- Madurai: Incorrect. Madurai served as the capital of the Pandya dynasty throughout various phases of their rule in the southern part of the Tamil country.
- Kanchipuram: Correct. Kanchipuram (Kanchi) was the capital of the Pallava dynasty. It flourished as a major center of administration, trade, and Brahmanical learning (Ghatika) under their patronage.
- Thanesar: Incorrect. Thanesar (Sthanishvara) was the original capital of the Pushyabhuti dynasty (Vardhana dynasty) under rulers like Prabhakaravardhana and Rajyavardhana, before Harshavardhana shifted his capital to Kannauj.
Key Takeaway:
Kanchipuram was the political capital and educational hub of the Pallavas, while Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) served as their principal port city.