Samudragupta
Explanation
The Gupta period is characterized by a sophisticated tradition of numismatics. Gupta rulers issued various types of gold coins (Dinaras) that depicted their martial conquests, personal interests, and religious affiliations. These coins serve as primary historical evidence for the personal attributes of the kings.Historical Justification:
- Samudragupta (c. 335–375 CE): He is the ancient Indian ruler depicted on coins playing the Veena. This specific variety of coinage is known as the Lyrist Type or Veena-vadan type.
- Visual Depiction: On the obverse of these gold coins, the king is portrayed seated cross-legged on a high-backed couch, playing the Veena resting on his lap. He is depicted wearing a waistcloth and jewelry, without any weapons, highlighting his peaceful and artistic side.
- Corroboration: This numismatic evidence supports the claims made in the Prayag Prashasti (Allahabad Pillar Inscription) composed by his court poet Harisena. The inscription praises Samudragupta’s musical skills, stating he surpassed celestial musicians like Tumburu and Narada, and refers to him as Kaviraja (King of Poets).
Analysis of Other Options:
- Chandragupta II: While a great patron of arts (associated with the Navratnas), he is primarily known for his 'Lion-slayer' and 'Horseman' coin types, and for issuing silver coins (Rupaka) after defeating the Shakas. He is not depicted playing the Veena.
- Harshavardhana: A 7th-century ruler of the Pushyabhuti dynasty. Although he was a patron of literature and wrote plays (e.g., Ratnavali), there are no coins depicting him playing the Veena.
- Pulakeshin II: The most powerful Chalukya ruler of Vatapi, known for defeating Harshavardhana. His coinage does not feature musical imagery.
Key Takeaway: Samudragupta is the Gupta ruler associated with the Lyrist (Veena) type gold coins, symbolizing his mastery over music and justifying the title Kaviraja.