Correct Option
The correct option isTo release acids that neutralize basic soil.
Explanation
Soil treatment involves adjusting the pH level of the soil to make it suitable for crop growth. Plants generally thrive in neutral soil; excessive acidity or basicity can hinder nutrient absorption. The method of treatment depends on whether the soil is acidic or basic.
Detailed Analysis
- Treatment of Basic Soil: When soil is too basic (alkaline), organic matter (such as compost or manure) is added. As organic matter decomposes, it releases acids (such as humic acid and carbonic acid). These acids react with the bases present in the soil, neutralizing the excess alkalinity and bringing the pH down to a range suitable for cultivation.
- Treatment of Acidic Soil: In contrast, if the soil is too acidic, it is treated with bases such as quick lime (calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) to neutralize the acidity.
- Other Options:
- While organic matter does supplement nutrients like nitrogen , in the specific context of chemical "soil treatment" for pH correction, its primary role is neutralization.
- Organic matter improves water retention, but it does not primarily "absorb excess moisture" to dry out the soil .
- While composting generates heat that may kill some pathogens, adding organic matter to soil does not serve the primary function of eliminating soil-borne pathogens; in some cases, improper composting can introduce them .
Key Takeaway
Organic matter is added to basic soils to release acids that neutralize alkalinity, whereas bases (like lime) are added to acidic soils to raise the pH.