The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The application of Calamine solution is a practical example of a neutralization reaction in everyday chemistry. This involves using a mild base to counteract the effects of an acid, or vice versa, to provide relief from pain and irritation caused by insect stings.
Statement 1 is Correct:
When an ant bites, it injects formic acid (methanoic acid) into the skin, causing a burning sensation and irritation. Calamine solution is basic in nature. When applied to the affected area, it reacts with the acid to neutralize its effect, thereby reducing pain and inflammation.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Calamine solution contains Zinc Carbonate ($ZnCO_3$), not Calcium Carbonate. It acts as a mild base suitable for application on human skin.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
The chemical nature of a wasp sting is alkaline (basic). To neutralize a wasp sting, a mild acid like vinegar (acetic acid) is required. Applying Calamine solution (which is also basic) would not neutralize the sting and is not the appropriate remedy. Calamine is effective for acidic stings, such as those from ants or honeybees.
Key Takeaway:
Ant/Honeybee stings are acidic (Formic acid) $\rightarrow$ Treat with a mild base (Baking soda or Calamine/Zinc Carbonate).
Wasp stings are alkaline $\rightarrow$ Treat with a mild acid (Vinegar).