The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Natural indicators are substances derived from plant sources that change colour in the presence of acids or bases. Common natural indicators include litmus, turmeric, and China rose petals.- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Litmus is extracted from lichens, a composite organism arising from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species. It is not obtained from the Pitcher plant, which is an insectivorous plant. Litmus solution has a mauve (purple) colour in distilled water.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Turmeric is a natural indicator. Turmeric paper is prepared by depositing turmeric paste on blotting paper or filter paper and allowing it to dry. Strips of this paper are then used to test acidity or basicity; turmeric turns red in basic solutions.
- Statement 3 is Correct: China rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) indicator is prepared by collecting some China rose petals and placing them in a beaker with warm water. The mixture is kept for some time until the water becomes coloured (light pink). This coloured water is used as an indicator.
Key Takeaway: Litmus is derived from lichens, whereas turmeric paper involves depositing paste on filter paper, and China rose indicator is an aqueous extract prepared using warm water.