The organization of the Sabha and its committees.
Explanation
The Uttaramerur inscriptions, dated to the reign of the Chola King Parantaka I (specifically 919 CE and 921 CE), are the most significant epigraphic sources regarding the functioning of local self-government in the Chola Empire.
Detailed Analysis:
- Organization of the Sabha: The inscriptions provide a comprehensive description of the Sabha, which was the village assembly found in Brahmadeya (Brahmin-endowed) villages.
- Committee System (Variyam): It details the existence of various committees known as Variyams (e.g., Tank Committee, Garden Committee, Annual Committee) that managed specific administrative functions.
- Election Process (Kudavolai): The text outlines the Kudavolai system, a method of selection by lot. Names of eligible candidates were written on palm leaves, put into a pot, and drawn by a young boy to select committee members.
- Qualifications and Disqualifications: The inscription lays down strict criteria for candidates, including age limits (35–70 years), ownership of land, and knowledge of the Vedas. It also lists disqualifications, such as failure to submit accounts or committing specific sins.
Incorrect Options:
- The military conquests of Rajaraja I.: While Rajaraja I is a major Chola ruler, the Uttaramerur inscription predates his reign and focuses on civil administration under Parantaka I.
- The trade routes between India and China.: Chola trade with China was significant, but this specific inscription is not a record of trade routes.
- The construction techniques of the Thanjavur temple.: The inscription is located on the walls of the Vaikunda Perumal Temple in Uttaramerur, but its content is administrative, not a technical manual on temple construction.
Key Takeaway:
The Uttaramerur inscription is the definitive historical source for the Chola village administration, specifically the democratic election of the Sabha and its committees via the Kudavolai system.