The correct option is Dhauli.
Explanation
Mauryan art represents a significant transition from wood to stone in Indian architecture and sculpture. While Ashokan pillars are the most prominent examples, rock-cut sculptures associated with edicts also serve as crucial examples of Mauryan court art and symbolism.Detailed Analysis:
- Dhauli (Correct): Located in the Puri district of Odisha, Dhauli is the site of a set of Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka (including the separate Kalinga Edicts). The rock-cut elephant sculpture is carved out of the live rock immediately above the inscription. It depicts the forepart of an elephant emerging from the rock mass. The elephant is a symbol of the Buddha (Gajottama), referencing the dream of Queen Maya regarding the Buddha's conception. It is considered one of the earliest surviving rock-cut sculptures in India.
- Girnar: Located in Gujarat, this site contains Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka, as well as later inscriptions by Rudradaman I and Skandagupta. However, it is not associated with the specific rock-cut elephant sculpture found at Dhauli.
- Sanchi: Located in Madhya Pradesh, Sanchi is famous for the Great Stupa, the Ashokan Lion Capital, and the elaborate Toranas (gateways) added during the Satavahana period. It does not feature the singular rock-cut elephant associated with the edicts.
- Udayagiri: There are two prominent Udayagiri sites. Udayagiri in Odisha is famous for Jaina caves and the Hathigumpha inscription of King Kharavela (Post-Mauryan). Udayagiri in Madhya Pradesh is famous for Gupta-period rock-cut caves, particularly the Varaha avatar sculpture. Neither is the site of the Ashokan rock-cut elephant.
Key Takeaway:
The Dhauli Elephant is a quintessential example of Mauryan rock-cut sculpture, symbolizing the Buddha and marking the location of the Kalinga War edicts in Odisha.