The correct option is Maharashtra.
Explanation
The Pitalkhora Caves represent one of the earliest examples of Buddhist rock-cut architecture in Western India. These caves are primarily associated with the Hinayana phase of Buddhism and date back to the 2nd century BCE.
Detailed Analysis
- Location: The Pitalkhora Caves are located in the Satmala range of the Western Ghats in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.
- Structure: The complex consists of 14 rock-cut caves, divided into two groups. These include Chaityas (prayer halls) and Viharas (monasteries).
- Artistic Significance: The caves are known for their unique sculptural style, including figures of Yakshas, elephants, and guards, as well as inscriptions recording donations. They also contain traces of ancient paintings.
- Chronology: Excavated primarily during the Satavahana rule, they predate the more famous Ajanta and Ellora caves located in the same region.
Key Takeaway: The Pitalkhora Caves are situated in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra and are among the oldest surviving rock-cut Buddhist caves in India.