The correct option is Ajivika sect.
Explanation
The Lomus Rishi cave represents one of the earliest surviving examples of rock-cut architecture in India, dating back to the Mauryan period (3rd century BCE). These caves are renowned for their distinctive "Mauryan polish" and architectural imitation of wooden structures.
Detailed Analysis
The Barabar Caves, located in the Jehanabad district of Bihar, consist of a group of four caves: Lomus Rishi, Sudama, Karan Chaupar, and Visvakarma.
- Patronage: Emperor Ashoka patronized the construction of these caves. Inscriptions found in the Sudama and Karan Chaupar caves explicitly state that they were dedicated by Ashoka (referred to as Priyadarshi) in the 12th and 19th years of his reign, respectively.
- Religious Affiliation: These caves were dedicated to the Ajivika sect, an ascetic order founded by Makkhali Gosala, which was a contemporary rival to Buddhism and Jainism.
- Lomus Rishi Cave: Although the Lomus Rishi cave lacks a specific inscription, it is situated in the same group and shares the architectural style of the other caves. It is historically attributed to the same period and purpose-serving as a retreat for Ajivika ascetics.
- Architectural Significance: The entrance of the Lomus Rishi cave features a decorative arch (chaitya arch) carved to resemble wooden architecture, with a frieze of elephants worshipping stupas.
Key Takeaway: The Barabar Caves (including Lomus Rishi) were constructed during the Mauryan period under Emperor Ashoka and were dedicated to the Ajivika sect, not the Buddhist Sangha.