Correct Option
The correct option is Sarnath.
Explanation
Mauryan art is characterized by monolithic sandstone pillars topped with animal capitals. These pillars were erected by Emperor Ashoka across the Indian subcontinent to disseminate Dhamma. The most artistically refined of these capitals serves as the basis for the official seal of the Republic of India.
Detailed Analysis
- Sarnath (Correct): The Lion Capital discovered at Sarnath (near Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) is considered the finest example of Mauryan sculpture. It was erected by Ashoka to mark the site of the Buddha's first sermon (Dharmachakrapravartana). This specific capital, featuring four Asiatic lions standing back to back on an abacus adorned with wheels (Chakras) and animals (elephant, horse, bull, and lion), was adopted as the National Emblem of India on January 26, 1950.
- Sanchi: While Sanchi also possesses an Ashokan pillar with a four-lion capital similar to Sarnath, it is not the source of the National Emblem. The Sarnath capital is distinguished by its superior polish and the specific arrangement of the abacus frieze.
- Lauriya-Nandangarh: This site in Bihar features a well-preserved Ashokan pillar, but it is surmounted by a single lion capital, not the four-lion composition used in the emblem.
- Rampurva: Located in Bihar, this site yielded two famous capitals: one featuring a bull and another featuring a single lion. Neither corresponds to the National Emblem.
Key Takeaway: The National Emblem of India is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka from Sarnath, which symbolizes the turning of the Wheel of Law (Dharmachakra).