Correct Option
The correct option is Tessellation.
Explanation
Indo-Islamic architecture is characterized by a strict avoidance of anthropomorphic (human or animal) figures in religious contexts. Instead, surface decoration relies heavily on three distinct elements: Calligraphy (Quranic inscriptions), Arabesque (vegetal/floral scrolls), and Geometric Patterns.
Detailed Analysis
- Tessellation Tessellation: This is the correct technical term. Tessellation refers to the process of creating a two-dimensional plane using the repetition of a geometric shape (such as polygons, stars, or hexagons) with no overlaps and no gaps. In Indo-Islamic monuments, such as the Jali screens of the Mughals or the tile work of the Delhi Sultanate, complex geometric patterns are generated through tessellation to symbolize the infinite nature of the divine.
- Filigree Filigree: This is Incorrect. Filigree is a delicate form of metalwork, usually involving gold or silver wires soldered together to create jewelry or small ornamental objects. It is not a technique for architectural surface patterning.
- Repoussé Repoussé: This is Incorrect. Repoussé is a metalworking technique where a malleable metal is shaped by hammering from the reverse side to create a design in low relief. It is unrelated to stone geometric patterns.
- Marquetry Marquetry: This is Incorrect. Marquetry specifically refers to the art of applying pieces of veneer (usually wood) to a structure to form decorative patterns or pictures. While Indo-Islamic architecture uses Pietra Dura (stone inlay), Marquetry is distinct and primarily associated with woodwork.
Key Takeaway: Tessellation is the mathematical technique of tiling a surface with geometric shapes to create the intricate, repeating patterns characteristic of Islamic architectural decoration.