The correct option is A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1.
Explanation
The Chola administration maintained a highly organized land revenue system. Inscriptions from the Chola period provide detailed classifications of land based on ownership and the specific purpose of the land grant. These categories defined the tax liabilities and the beneficiaries of the land revenue.
Analysis of Land Categories:
- A. Brahmadeya (Matches 2. Brahmanas): These were tax-free land grants given to Brahmanas. These grants were often managed by an assembly of prominent Brahmana landholders known as the Sabha.
- B. Vellanvagai (Matches 4. Non-Brahmana Peasants): This term referred to land held by non-Brahmana peasant proprietors. It constituted the bulk of agricultural land where the owners paid taxes to the state.
- C. Pallichchhandam (Matches 3. Jaina Institutions): This category denoted land donated specifically to Jaina institutions for their maintenance and support.
- D. Devadana (Matches 1. Temples): Also known as Tirunamattukkani in some contexts, Devadana referred to land gifted to temples. The revenue from these lands supported temple rituals, maintenance, and the livelihoods of those attached to the temple.
Key Takeaway:
Chola inscriptions classify land grants into distinct categories: Brahmadeya (Brahmanas), Vellanvagai (Peasant proprietors), Devadana (Temples), Pallichchhandam (Jaina institutions), and Shalabhoga (Schools).