The correct option is A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
Explanation
The Chola administration is renowned for its highly organized system of local self-government. The empire was divided into various administrative units, each governed by specific assemblies that played a crucial role in local administration, justice, and taxation.
- A. Ur (2. Peasant settlement): The Ur was the general assembly of a village. It consisted of the tax-paying residents of an ordinary village, primarily inhabited by peasants or non-Brahmin landholders. It managed local affairs in non-Brahmadeya villages.
- B. Nadu (3. Group of villages): The Nadu was a larger administrative unit comprising a group of villages. It served as an intermediate level of administration between the village and the larger district (Valanadu). The assembly of the Nadu was responsible for agrarian management and tax collection within its jurisdiction.
- C. Nagaram (1. Trader association): The Nagaram was an assembly of merchants and traders. These were typically found in towns or commercial centers where trade and commerce were the primary activities. They managed the administration of trade settlements.
- D. Sabha (4. Brahmana assembly): The Sabha (or Mahasabha) was an exclusive assembly found in Brahmadeya villages (villages gifted to Brahmins). It consisted entirely of Brahmins and functioned through various committees (variyams) to manage village affairs, temples, and irrigation.
Key Takeaway: In Chola administration, the Ur was the common village assembly, the Sabha was the Brahmin assembly in land-grant villages, the Nagaram was the trader assembly, and the Nadu was a territorial grouping of multiple villages.