The correct option is (d) 1, 2 and 3.
Explanation
The Gupta administration was characterized by the hereditary nature of bureaucratic posts and the concentration of multiple high offices in a single individual. Harishena, a prominent figure in the court of Samudragupta and the composer of the Prayaga Prashasti (Allahabad Pillar Inscription), serves as a primary example of this administrative feature.- Statement 1 is Correct: Harishena held the title of Maha-danda-nayaka (Chief Judicial Officer or Chief of Police). This position was hereditary, as he succeeded his father, Dhruvabhuti, who also held this title.
- Statement 2 is Correct: He was appointed as a Kumar-amatya. This was a high-ranking administrative cadre in the Gupta Empire, comparable to modern civil services, from which ministers and high officials were recruited. It indicated a high status within the imperial hierarchy.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Harishena simultaneously functioned as the Sandhi-vigrahika (Minister of War and Peace). This office was responsible for foreign policy, alliances, and decisions regarding war.
Key Takeaway: In the Gupta administrative setup, it was common for a single high official to hold multiple portfolios simultaneously, such as Harishena serving as Kumar-amatya, Sandhi-vigrahika, and Maha-danda-nayaka.