The correct option is Cire perdue.
Explanation
The question addresses technical terminology associated with metallurgical arts and sculpture. Specifically, it refers to a casting method used extensively in ancient India for creating bronze and copper statues.
Detailed Analysis
- Cire perdue is Correct: Cire perdue is the French term for "lost wax." It refers to a metal casting process in which a duplicate metal sculpture is cast from an original sculpture. The process involves creating a wax model, covering it with a clay mould, and heating it so the wax melts and drains away ("lost"). The resulting void is then filled with molten metal. This technique was mastered as early as the Indus Valley Civilization (notably seen in the 'Dancing Girl' of Mohenjo-Daro) and later perfected in Chola bronze sculptures.
- Gouache is Incorrect: Gouache refers to a method of painting using opaque watercolours, where the pigments are bound with glue and a white pigment (like chalk) is added to make the paint opaque.
- Chiaroscuro is Incorrect: Chiaroscuro is an artistic technique used in painting and drawing that employs strong contrasts between light and dark to create a sense of volume and three-dimensionality.
- Impasto is Incorrect: Impasto is a painting technique where paint is applied to the canvas in very thick layers, often making the brush or palette knife strokes visible.
Key Takeaway
Cire perdue (lost wax casting) is the historical technique used for making metal sculptures in India, dating back to the Harappan civilization.