The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Taj Mahal, commissioned by Emperor Shah Jahan, represents the zenith of Mughal architecture, characterized by a synthesis of Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural elements.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The four minarets are not attached to the main mausoleum walls. They are positioned at the four corners of the main plinth (platform). This detached placement serves a structural purpose: the minarets are constructed with a slight outward lean so that in the event of a collapse (due to an earthquake), they would fall away from the main tomb, preserving the central structure.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The central bulbous dome (often called an onion dome) rests on a high cylindrical drum. The top of this dome is decorated with a lotus design, specifically an inverted lotus motif. This feature serves as a base for the gilded finial and exemplifies the integration of indigenous Indian artistic elements into Islamic architecture.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The interior chamber, which houses the cenotaphs, receives light through perforated marble screens known as jalis. These jalis are set into arched recesses and are intricately carved with geometric and floral patterns to filter light and allow air circulation.
Key Takeaway: The structural distinctiveness of the Taj Mahal lies in its perfect bilateral symmetry, the use of detached minarets for visual framing and safety, and the incorporation of the inverted lotus motif on the central dome.