The correct option is 2 and 3 only
Explanation
Pithora paintings are a ritualistic art form performed primarily by the Rathwa and Bhilala tribes of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. These paintings are not merely decorative but are executed as a votive offering to Baba Pithora (the god of food grains and prosperity) to seek blessings or upon the fulfillment of a vow.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The central feature of Pithora paintings is rows of horses. These horses represent the tribal deities (such as Baba Pithora, Baba Ind, and Pithori) and their marriage procession. They do not represent the invading armies of the Mughals. While the attire of the riders may historically reflect the influence of soldiers seen in the region, the iconography is strictly religious, symbolizing the pantheon of gods.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The composition of a Pithora painting is elaborate and divided into sections. While the central space is dominated by the horses of the main deities, other sections depict minor deities, nature, and daily life. The archetypal farmer (often ploughing a field) is a mandatory figure in the painting, symbolizing agriculture and earthly life, which is integrated into the sacred space of the artwork.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Pithora paintings are strictly wall paintings (murals). They are executed on the inner walls of the house (usually the main wall of the veranda) after the surface is treated with a mixture of cow dung and mud (lipai). The painting process itself is a sacred ritual accompanied by singing and chanting.
Key Takeaway
Pithora paintings are ritual wall murals of the Rathwa tribe characterized by a central procession of horses representing deities (Baba Pithora), not historical armies.