The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Pata tradition (derived from the Sanskrit word Pata meaning cloth) refers to the ancient Indian folk art of painting on cloth scrolls or canvas. While most prominent in Eastern India, variations of cloth-based narrative paintings exist across several regions.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct. The tradition of painting on cloth is widespread in India. It is practiced in Odisha (Pattachitra) and West Bengal (Patua/Kalighat). Similar traditions exist in Rajasthan (Phad and Pichhwai) and Gujarat (Mata-ni-Pachedi). These regional forms share the common medium of cloth, though their styles and themes differ.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect. The Pata tradition in Bengal (specifically the Patua or Chitrakar community) is not confined to temples. It is a unique performance art where the painters (Patuas) travel from village to village, unrolling the scroll (Jorano Pata) while singing stories (Pater Gaan) depicted in the paintings. It is a secular and oral storytelling tradition rather than a strictly ritualistic temple art.
- Statement 3 is Correct. In Odisha, while the art form originated with the rituals of Lord Jagannath (specifically the Anasara Patti used when the deities fall ill), it has evolved significantly. The artists (Chitrakars), primarily based in heritage villages like Raghurajpur, produce extensive commercial works, souvenirs, and decorative items catering to pilgrims and tourists.
Key Takeaway:
The primary distinction between the two major Pata schools is that Odisha Pattachitra is strictly classical, decorative, and linked to temple rituals/souvenirs, whereas Bengal Pata is a folk tradition integrating visual art with oral storytelling and song.