The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Mandu, located in Madhya Pradesh, represents the Malwa School of provincial Indo-Islamic architecture. It is renowned for its massive buildings, use of colored stones, batter (sloping) walls, and integration with the natural landscape, often referred to as the "City of Joy" (Shadiabad).
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Royal Enclave in Mandu is a cluster of palatial structures that includes the Jahaz Mahal and Hindola Mahal. It is widely described in architectural history as comprising the most complete and romantic set of buildings due to their scenic location around the Munja and Kapur tanks and their aesthetic composition.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Hindola Mahal (Swinging Palace) did not serve as a residence for queens. It was constructed as a large audience hall (Durbar Hall) for the Sultan. Its name is derived from its distinctively sloping side walls (batter), which create an optical illusion of swaying. The Jahaz Mahal (Ship Palace) was the structure primarily used as a harem or residence for the royal women.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Rani Rupmati’s Pavilion was originally built as an army observation post but later served as a retreat for the queen. It is situated on the southern crest of a hill, offering a panoramic view of the Narmada Valley. Historical accounts and local legends state that Rani Rupmati would only take her meals after viewing the sacred river Narmada.
Key Takeaway:
The Hindola Mahal is an audience hall characterized by its massive sloping walls (batter system), while the Jahaz Mahal served as the royal harem. Mandu architecture is a prime example of the Provincial Style under the Malwa Sultanate.