The correct option is 1 and 2 only.
Explanation
The legislative process in the Indian Parliament involves the formulation of policy by the Executive and the enactment of laws by the Legislature. Bills are broadly classified into two categories based on their introduction: Government Bills, introduced by Ministers, and Private Member's Bills, introduced by Members of Parliament who are not Ministers.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: While the policy objectives and substance of a bill are decided by the political executive (Ministers), the technical task of drafting the legislation is performed by the bureaucracy. This function is primarily executed by the Legislative Department of the Ministry of Law and Justice, working in coordination with the concerned administrative ministry.
- Statement 2 is Correct: In the parliamentary system of government, the Cabinet is the highest decision-making authority. To ensure the principle of collective responsibility and policy consistency, no major Government Bill is introduced in Parliament without the prior approval of the Cabinet.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Rules of Procedure in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha allow members who are not Ministers to introduce bills. These are termed Private Member's Bills. While they are discussed less frequently and rarely passed compared to Government Bills, the right to introduce them is a statutory privilege of every Member of Parliament.
Key Takeaway:
The actual drafting of legislation is an administrative function performed by the bureaucracy. Both Ministers and private members can introduce bills, but major policy legislation is driven by the Cabinet.