The correct option is (a) 1 and 2 only.
Explanation
The Green Revolution, initiated in the mid-1960s, involved the adoption of High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, modern irrigation, and chemical inputs to boost food grain production. While it transformed Indian agriculture, its impact on poverty and employment was complex and uneven.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Green Revolution created job opportunities in the agriculture sector. The adoption of multiple cropping patterns and the labor-intensive nature of applying fertilizers, pesticides, and managing irrigation increased the demand for farm labor in the regions where it was implemented.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The increase in agricultural productivity was significant but geographically concentrated. The benefits were primarily realized in selected states such as Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh, while other regions did not experience the same level of growth.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Green Revolution did not completely eradicate poverty from all rural areas. While it reduced food insecurity, the benefits were often skewed towards large landholders. Landless laborers and small farmers in many regions continued to face poverty, and regional disparities in development widened.
Key Takeaway:
The Green Revolution successfully increased food production and agricultural employment in specific regions but failed to ensure inclusive growth or the total eradication of rural poverty across India.