Consider the following statements regarding the 'Sanitation' indicator in the National Multidimensional Poverty Index: 1. A household is deprived if it has no sanitation facility. 2. Sharing an improved sanitation facility with other households does not count as deprivation. 3. A household is deprived if the sanitation facility is not air-conditioned. Which of the following statements are correct ?

The correct option is (a). Explanation The National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), released by NITI Aayog, measures poverty across three dimensions: Health, Education, and Standard of Living. These dimensions are further divided into 12 indicators. 'Sanitation' is a key indicator under the Standard of Living dimension. - Statement 1 is Correct: According to the National MPI methodology, a household is considered deprived in the sanitation indicator if the household has no sanitation facility (i.e., members practice open defecation) or uses an unimproved facility. - Statement 2 is Incorrect: The methodology explicitly classifies a household as deprived if the sanitation facility is improved but is shared with other households. Therefore, sharing a facility, even if improved, counts as a deprivation. - Statement 3 is Incorrect: The criteria for sanitation deprivation are based on the type of facility (improved vs. unimproved) and exclusivity (shared vs. private). Air-conditioning is not a parameter used to assess sanitation standards in poverty indices. Key Takeaway: Under the National MPI, a household is deprived in sanitation if the facility is unimproved, or if it is improved but shared with other households.

NCERT Class 9 Economics — Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge

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Consider the following statements regarding the 'Sanitation' indicator in the National Multidimensional Poverty Index:

A household is deprived if it has no sanitation facility.
Sharing an improved sanitation facility with other households does not count as deprivation.
A household is deprived if the sanitation facility is not air-conditioned.

Which of the following statements are correct ?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A1 only
B2 only
C1 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3

Did you get this right?

Solution

The correct option is (a).

Explanation

The National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), released by NITI Aayog, measures poverty across three dimensions: Health, Education, and Standard of Living. These dimensions are further divided into 12 indicators. 'Sanitation' is a key indicator under the Standard of Living dimension.

Statement 1 is Correct: According to the National MPI methodology, a household is considered deprived in the sanitation indicator if the household has no sanitation facility (i.e., members practice open defecation) or uses an unimproved facility.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The methodology explicitly classifies a household as deprived if the sanitation facility is improved but is shared with other households. Therefore, sharing a facility, even if improved, counts as a deprivation.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The criteria for sanitation deprivation are based on the type of facility (improved vs. unimproved) and exclusivity (shared vs. private). Air-conditioning is not a parameter used to assess sanitation standards in poverty indices.

Key Takeaway: Under the National MPI, a household is deprived in sanitation if the facility is unimproved, or if it is improved but shared with other households.

Your note

More from Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge

Consider the following statements regarding the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in India: 1. Until the early eighties, there was little per capita income growth and not much reduction in poverty. 2. Since the eighties, India's economic growth has been one of the fastest in the world. 3. There is a strong link between economic growth and poverty reduction. Which of the following statements are correct ?

medium

With reference to the 'Child-Adolescent Mortality' indicator of the NMPI, a household is considered deprived if:

hard

Consider the following statements regarding the 'School Attendance' indicator in the National Multidimensional Poverty Index: 1. A household is deprived if any school-aged child is not attending school. 2. It applies to children up to the age at which they would complete their class. Which of the following statements are correct ?

easy

Consider the following statements regarding the 'Nutrition' indicator of the National Multidimensional Poverty Index: 1. A household is deprived if any man between 15-54 years is undernourished. 2. A household is deprived if any woman between 15-49 years is undernourished. 3. A household is deprived if any child between 0-59 months is undernourished. Which of the following statements are correct ?

medium

Consider the following statements regarding the impact of the Green Revolution on poverty: 1. It created many job opportunities in the agriculture sector. 2. It led to a significant increase in agricultural productivity in selected states. 3. It completely eradicated poverty from all rural areas of India. Which of the following statements are correct ?

medium

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The correct option is (a).

Explanation

Statement 1 is Correct: According to the National MPI methodology, a household is considered deprived in the sanitation indicator if the household has no sanitation facility (i.e., members practice open defecation) or uses an unimproved facility.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The methodology explicitly classifies a household as deprived if the sanitation facility is improved but is shared with other households. Therefore, sharing a facility, even if improved, counts as a deprivation.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The criteria for sanitation deprivation are based on the type of facility (improved vs. unimproved) and exclusivity (shared vs. private). Air-conditioning is not a parameter used to assess sanitation standards in poverty indices.

Key Takeaway: Under the National MPI, a household is deprived in sanitation if the facility is unimproved, or if it is improved but shared with other households.