The correct option is
1 only
Explanation
The Gol Gumbad in Bijapur (Karnataka) is the mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah. It represents the climax of the Adil Shahi style of architecture, often categorized under the Provincial Styles of Indo-Islamic architecture (Deccan School). It is renowned for its massive dome, which is one of the largest in the world.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Gol Gumbad was constructed by Muhammad Adil Shah (1627-1657) as a mausoleum for himself. It houses his remains along with those of his family members.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The structural support for the massive dome does not rely on a system of lintels and beams (Trabeate style). Instead, the transition from the square chamber to the circular dome is achieved through a unique system of eight intersecting arches. These arches create interlocking pendentives that support the weight of the dome, a distinct feature of the Bijapur style.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The monument is famous for its remarkable acoustic features, specifically the "Whispering Gallery" located inside the dome. A sound made in this gallery echoes multiple times (traditionally said to be seven to ten times) and can be heard clearly across the vast diameter of the dome.
Key Takeaway:
The Gol Gumbad is characterized by its use of intersecting arches to support the dome and its unique acoustic Whispering Gallery, distinguishing it from the lintel-and-beam structures of earlier periods.