The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) are microprocessor-based devices used to conduct elections in India. They were introduced to ensure a more secure, efficient, and eco-friendly voting process compared to the traditional paper ballot system. The Election Commission of India (ECI) regulates their design and usage.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: EVMs are the standard instrument used to record the votes of citizens in Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly elections. They consist of a Control Unit (used by the polling officer) and a Ballot Unit (used by the voter).
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Ballot Unit of the EVM displays the names of the candidates alongside their respective party symbols and serial numbers. It does not display symbols alone. This ensures voters can identify the candidate by name as well as the symbol.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Independent candidates are allotted election symbols from a list of "Free Symbols" maintained by the Election Commission of India. These symbols are displayed on the EVM next to the independent candidate's name, just like the symbols of recognized political parties.
Key Takeaway:
The EVM Ballot Unit displays the serial number, name of the candidate, and the election symbol. Every contesting candidate, including independents, is allotted a symbol to facilitate voting, especially for illiterate voters.