The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a permanent and independent constitutional body established under Article 324 of the Constitution to ensure free and fair elections. The Constitution provides specific safeguards to ensure its independence from the executive.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct:
According to Article 324(2), the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and other Election Commissioners are appointed by the President of India. While the President makes the formal appointment, it is done based on the advice of the Council of Ministers (or a Selection Committee as per recent legislative developments, though the constitutional provision remains the primary source). - Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The CEC is provided with security of tenure to ensure independence. Under Article 324(5), the CEC cannot be removed from office except in the like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court. This involves a special majority in Parliament on grounds of proved misbehavior or incapacity. The CEC does not hold office during the pleasure of the President and cannot be removed merely because the ruling party is dissatisfied. - Statement 3 is Incorrect:
Under Article 324(6), the President or Governor must make staff available to the Election Commission for election duties. Once government officers are deployed for election duty, they are deemed to be on deputation to the Election Commission. During this period, they work under the superintendence, direction, and control of the ECI, not the Central or State government. This ensures administrative autonomy during the election process.
Key Takeaway:
The Chief Election Commissioner enjoys security of tenure similar to a Supreme Court Judge, and administrative machinery on election duty falls under the exclusive disciplinary control of the Election Commission to prevent executive interference.