The correct option is (b) 2 only.
Explanation
Ashoka introduced a special class of high-ranking officials known as Dhamma Mahamattas in the 14th year of his reign (mentioned in Major Rock Edict V). Their primary mandate was the implementation and propagation of Ashoka’s policy of Dhamma across the empire.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Dhamma Mahamattas were not revenue officials and were not tasked with collecting taxes from temples. In the Mauryan administration, revenue collection was the domain of officials such as the Samaharta (Collector General). The Dhamma Mahamattas focused exclusively on moral and social welfare.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The primary function of the Dhamma Mahamattas was to travel from place to place to spread the message of Dhamma. They were responsible for establishing the Dhamma, promoting charity, and ensuring the welfare and happiness of those devoted to Dhamma. They also worked to minimize the harshness of judicial punishments and looked after the welfare of prisoners.
Key Takeaway:
Dhamma Mahamattas were distinct from regular administrative or revenue officials; they were specifically appointed by Ashoka to enforce moral codes, promote inter-sect harmony, and propagate the tenets of Dhamma.