The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Adolescence is the transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood. This phase is characterized by rapid growth and sexual maturation, driven by hormonal changes.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. During adolescence, all parts of the body do not grow at the same rate. Growth is often asynchronous; for example, the extremities (hands and feet) may grow faster than the torso.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Due to the differential rates of growth mentioned above, the arms and legs often grow faster than other body parts initially. This can result in a temporary disproportionate appearance, making the adolescent look awkward or "gangly" until the rest of the body catches up.
- Statement 3 is Correct. An individual's height is primarily determined by the genes inherited from their parents. However, environmental factors, specifically nutrition, play a critical role. Adequate intake of proteins, vitamins, and minerals is necessary for bones and muscles to grow to their full genetic potential.
Key Takeaway: Adolescent growth is rapid and often disproportionate (allometric growth), meaning different body parts grow at different rates. While genetics set the potential for height, proper nutrition is essential to realize that potential.