Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Early Buddhist art, particularly during the Hinayana phase, followed an aniconic tradition. This means the Buddha was not represented in human form but through symbols indicating his presence or major life events. The transition to anthropomorphic (human) representation occurred later, primarily during the Kushana period with the Gandhara and Mathura schools of art.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: In the early periods of Buddhist art (such as at Bharhut and Sanchi), the Buddha was depicted symbolically. Common symbols included the footprints (indicating his presence), the lotus throne or empty seat (indicating his enlightenment or ancestry), the stupa (representing the Mahaparinirvana), the wheel (Dharmachakra, representing the First Sermon), and the Bodhi tree (representing enlightenment).
- Statement 2 is Correct: The Jataka stories, which recount the previous births of the Buddha, were extensively depicted on the railings (vedika) and gateways (toranas) of stupas. The narrative art at Bharhut and Sanchi is renowned for these detailed carvings, which served to educate the laity about Buddhist morals and the life of the Bodhisattva.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: Early Buddhist art was strictly aniconic, utilizing symbols like the stupa and footprints to represent the Buddha. Narrative reliefs depicting Jataka tales were a prominent feature of the architectural decoration on stupa railings and gateways during the post-Mauryan period (Sunga and Satavahana eras).