The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Rajendra I (1014–1044 CE) was one of the most powerful rulers of the Chola dynasty. His reign is marked by extensive military conquests, including the expansion of Chola power to the banks of the river Ganga in the north and across the ocean to Southeast Asia.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Rajendra I was the son and successor of the great Chola king Rajaraja I. He continued his father's imperialistic policies and further expanded the empire.
- Statement 2 is Correct: He led a famous military expedition to Northern India, marching up to the river Ganga. To commemorate this celebrated victory over the Pala king Mahipala, he assumed the title of Gangaikondachola (the Chola who conquered the Ganga).
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Rajendra I did not dismantle the navy; rather, he possessed the most powerful naval force of the time. He utilized this navy to launch a successful expedition against the Srivijaya Empire (modern-day Indonesia and Malaysia) to secure trade routes to China.
- Statement 4 is Incorrect: The town of Thanjavur was already the established capital, notably developed by his father Rajaraja I (who built the Brihadeeswarar Temple there). Rajendra I built a new capital city called Gangaikondacholapuram near the mouth of the Kaveri river to commemorate his northern campaign.
Key Takeaway: Rajendra I is best known for his northern expedition to the Ganga valley, the construction of the new capital Gangaikondacholapuram, and his naval raids on the Srivijaya kingdom, marking the zenith of Chola naval power.