The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Foreign travellers' accounts serve as critical primary sources for reconstructing the socio-economic and political history of medieval India. Their observations often highlight contrasts in wealth, cultural practices, and chronological developments.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Francisco Pelsaert was a Dutch traveller who visited India during the reign of Jahangir (early 17th century, specifically 1620-1627). In his work The Remonstrantie, he provided a detailed and critical account of the socio-economic conditions of the time. He famously highlighted the stark contrast between the extreme luxury of the ruling class and the widespread poverty and misery of the common people (peasants and artisans).
- Statement 2 is Correct: Shaikh Ali Hazin was an Iranian poet who came to India in the 18th century (around 1734) fleeing political turmoil in Iran. Far from being "fascinated" by India, he was often critical of the Indian climate, society, and people. He frequently expressed a desire to return to Iran but was compelled by circumstances to stay, eventually dying in Benares. His attitude was one of exile rather than admiration.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller, visited the Coromandel Coast and Malabar Coast of India in the late 13th century (approx. 1292-1294 CE) on his return journey from China. The early 15th century would correspond to travellers like Nicolo Conti or Abdur Razzaq (who visited Vijayanagara).
Key Takeaway:
Francisco Pelsaert (17th century, Dutch) is a primary source for the economic disparity in the Mughal Empire, while Marco Polo (13th century, Venetian) is associated with the Pandyan Kingdom and Kakatiyas.