Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan traveller, visited India during the 14th century (reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq). His travelogue, Rihla, provides extensive details about the social, political, and economic life of the Delhi Sultanate, including the institution of slavery.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Ibn Battuta observed that slavery was a common and established practice. Slaves were openly sold in markets alongside other commodities. There was considerable differentiation among slaves based on their skills. Furthermore, slaves were frequently exchanged as gifts. Ibn Battuta himself purchased horses, camels, and slaves to present as gifts to Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq upon his arrival.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Female slaves were not prohibited from the Sultan's service; rather, they played significant roles. Ibn Battuta notes that female slaves were employed in the royal court for various services, including music and dance. Additionally, the Sultan employed female slaves to keep a watch on his nobles (espionage) and to perform domestic duties. They were an integral part of the royal household's service hierarchy.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: In the 14th-century Delhi Sultanate, slavery was a commercial and social institution where slaves were traded in markets and used as gifts. Female slaves were actively employed in the royal court for service, entertainment, and intelligence gathering.