Correct Option
The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Reforestation is the process of regenerating or replanting forest areas that have been destroyed or damaged. It involves re-establishing forest cover on land that was previously forested, distinguishing it from afforestation, which involves planting trees on land that has not recently supported a forest.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Reforestation is specifically defined as the restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation or clear-cutting. Its primary objective is to restore the ecosystem.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: In natural reforestation, the forest regenerates through natural processes such as seed dispersal by wind, water, or animals, without human intervention. Human beings play the primary role in artificial reforestation, where saplings are planted manually.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Ecological restoration principles dictate that reforestation should ideally utilize the same species that were originally found in that forest (indigenous species). Planting exotic species can disrupt local biodiversity, introduce invasive traits, and fail to provide suitable habitats for native fauna.
Key Takeaway: Reforestation aims to restore depleted forests, ideally using native species to maintain ecological balance. Natural reforestation relies on self-regeneration, while artificial reforestation involves human planting.