The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Reforestation refers to the process of restocking existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation. It is a crucial strategy for maintaining ecological balance and mitigating climate change.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The fundamental principle of sustainable forestry and reforestation is to restore the forest cover that has been lost. Ideally, to maintain the ecological equilibrium, one should plant at least as many trees as have been cut down.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Reforestation does not strictly require human intervention. It can take place naturally through a process known as natural regeneration. If a deforested area is left undisturbed for a sufficient period, the forest ecosystem tends to re-establish itself through natural seed dispersal and growth.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 was enacted with the primary objective of checking deforestation and conserving forests. It imposes strict restrictions on the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes (such as mining or industrial projects). It does not aim at commercial exploitation; rather, it seeks to preserve natural forests and wildlife.
Key Takeaway:
Reforestation can occur both naturally (regeneration) and artificially (planting). The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, is a regulatory legislation aimed at the preservation of forests, specifically restricting the diversion of forest lands for non-forest uses.