The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Extra Tropical Cyclones, also known as Temperate Cyclones or Wave Cyclones, are low-pressure systems that develop in the mid and high latitudes (typically between 35° and 65° latitude in both hemispheres). They are primarily driven by the interaction of contrasting air masses (frontogenesis) rather than thermal instability.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Extra Tropical Cyclones do not form in the tropical convergence zone. They form in the middle and high latitudes, specifically along the Polar Front, where warm subtropical air meets cold polar air. The tropical convergence zone is the breeding ground for Tropical Cyclones.
- Statement 2 is Correct: These cyclones move from west to east. Their movement is guided by the prevailing Westerlies and the jet streams found in the upper troposphere of the mid-latitudes. In contrast, Tropical Cyclones generally move from east to west under the influence of Trade Winds.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Extra Tropical Cyclones can originate over both land and sea. Since their formation depends on the dynamic interaction of air masses (fronts) rather than the latent heat supply from warm ocean waters, they do not dissipate immediately upon reaching land. This stands in contrast to Tropical Cyclones, which originate only over warm seas and dissipate upon landfall.
Key Takeaway:
Extra Tropical Cyclones are frontal systems of the mid-latitudes that move West to East and can form over land or sea, whereas Tropical Cyclones are thermal systems that form only over warm oceans and move East to West.