Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Biomolecules are organic compounds essential for life processes. The primary classes of biomolecules include nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids (fats). Each class is formed from specific building blocks or monomers.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. It carries genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of living organisms. Specific segments of DNA, known as genes, determine physical characteristics (phenotypes) such as eye colour, height, and skin tone.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Proteins are large biomolecules consisting of long chains of amino acids, not fatty acids. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which fold into specific three-dimensional structures to function as proteins.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Fats (specifically triglycerides) are esters composed of three fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone. Fatty acids are the primary building blocks of lipids (fats) and serve as major energy storage molecules in the body.
Key Takeaway
Proteins are polymers of amino acids, whereas fats (lipids) are composed of fatty acids and glycerol. DNA is a nucleic acid responsible for heredity and trait determination.