The correct option is
1 only
Explanation
Planning in India is broadly classified into two approaches: sectoral planning and regional planning. Sectoral planning focuses on the development of specific sectors of the economy, while regional planning aims to reduce regional disparities by focusing on the integrated development of a specific geographical area.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Sectoral planning formulates programmes and schemes for the development of various sectors of the economy, such as agriculture, irrigation, manufacturing, power, construction, transport, and communication. It is essentially concerned with the allocation of resources among different sectors to achieve growth targets.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Regional planning does not ignore ecological conditions. On the contrary, effective regional planning must account for the specific resource base, topography, and ecological constraints of an area to ensure sustainable development. Programmes like the Hill Area Development Programme or Drought Prone Area Programme are examples where ecological conditions are central to the planning process.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
Sectoral planning does not ensure uniform development across all regions. Since resources and infrastructure are not evenly distributed, sectoral planning often leads to the concentration of development in already advanced areas, thereby aggravating regional disparities. Regional planning is specifically required to address this uneven development.
Key Takeaway:
Sectoral planning targets the growth of specific economic activities (sectors), whereas regional planning targets the balanced spatial development of geographical areas to reduce economic disparities.