The correct option is 1 and 3 only
Explanation
The khanqah (hospice) was the center of social and spiritual life in the Sufi tradition. Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya (1238-1325 CE), a prominent saint of the Chishti silsilah, established a major khanqah in Delhi which exemplified the order's principles of community living and independence from the state.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The khanqah of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya was located in Ghiyaspur, on the outskirts of what was then the city of Delhi, situated on the banks of the river Yamuna. This location allowed for a serene environment while remaining accessible to the populace.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Chishti saints, including Nizamuddin Auliya, maintained a strict policy of distance from the state and refused royal grants or jagirs. The open kitchen (langar) was not funded by state taxation; rather, it ran on futuh (unasked-for charity) offered voluntarily by visitors and devotees.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The khanqah was a residential institution. Its inmates included the Shaikh’s own family members, his attendants, and disciples. It functioned as a community space where people from all walks of life-soldiers, slaves, merchants, and poets-gathered.
Key Takeaway:
The Chishti order was characterized by its refusal to accept state patronage, relying instead on futuh (voluntary charity) to sustain its khanqahs and langars.