Correct Option
The correct option is 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
The making of regional cultures in medieval India, specifically highlighting the association between distinct architectural styles, literary works, and their geographical centers.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Pair 1: Jagannatha Temple – Puri (Correct)
The Jagannatha Temple is located in Puri, Odisha. It was constructed in the 12th century by King Anantavarman of the Ganga dynasty. The temple is the center of the Jagannatha cult, which integrates tribal and Brahmanical traditions. - Pair 2: Terracotta Temples – Vishnupur (Correct)
Vishnupur in the Bankura district of West Bengal is famous for its terracotta temples built by the Malla rulers (mostly in the 17th century). Due to the scarcity of stone in the region, architects relied on brick and terracotta tiles to depict stories from the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the life of Krishna. - Pair 3: Lakshmana Temple – Khajuraho (Correct)
The Lakshmana Temple is located in Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh. Built by the Chandella dynasty (specifically King Yashovarman) in the 10th century, it is a classic example of the Nagara style of temple architecture, known for its erotic sculptures and intricate stone carvings. - Pair 4: Lilatilakam composition – Mahodayapuram (Correct)
Lilatilakam is a 14th-century treatise on grammar and poetics composed in Mahodayapuram (associated with the Chera kingdom in present-day Kerala). It deals with Manipravalam, a literary style that blends Sanskrit and the regional language (early Malayalam).
Key Takeaway:
Medieval Indian culture is characterized by strong regional identities: the Jagannatha cult in Odisha, Terracotta architecture in Bengal, Nagara architecture in Central India (Khajuraho), and the development of Malayalam (Manipravalam) in Kerala.