Correct Option
The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a permanent and independent constitutional body established under Article 324 of the Constitution. It is vested with the power of superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, the Office of President, and the Office of Vice-President.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Assertion (A): Correct
The Election Commission of India has the authority to enforce the Model Code of Conduct (MCC). The MCC is a set of guidelines issued by the Election Commission to regulate political parties and candidates prior to elections, ensuring free and fair polls. It comes into effect immediately upon the announcement of the election schedule.
- Reason (R): Incorrect
While the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) is appointed by the President of India, the CEC does not report to the Prime Minister's Office (PMO). The Election Commission is an independent constitutional authority, distinct from the Executive branch. It functions autonomously to ensure impartiality and is not administratively subordinate to the government or the PMO.
Key Takeaway: The Election Commission of India operates independently of the Executive to maintain the sanctity of the electoral process; it is not answerable to the Prime Minister's Office.