The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a permanent and independent constitutional body established directly by the Constitution of India to ensure free and fair elections. Article 324 vests the power of superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, the Office of President, and the Office of Vice-President in the Commission.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Assertion (A): Correct. The Election Commission acts as an autonomous constitutional authority. It derives its existence and powers directly from the Constitution (Article 324) and functions independently of the Executive to maintain the integrity of the electoral process.
- Reason (R): Incorrect. The Commission is not administratively subordinate to the Ministry of Law and Justice. While the Ministry of Law and Justice serves as the nodal agency for legislative matters regarding elections (e.g., amendments to electoral laws), the Election Commission operates with functional autonomy. It has its own secretariat and is not a department under the government, ensuring it remains free from executive influence.
Key Takeaway
The Election Commission of India is an independent constitutional body designed to be insulated from executive interference; it coordinates with the government for legislative support but is not administratively subordinate to any ministry.