The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The arranging major rulers of ancient India in chronological order, specifically focusing on the genealogical succession of the Imperial Guptas and the subsequent Pushyabhuti dynasty.Chronological Analysis:
- 1. Chandragupta I (c. 319 – 335 CE): He is considered the real founder of the Gupta Empire and the first ruler to adopt the title of Maharajadhiraja. He started the Gupta Era in 319–320 CE.
- 2. Samudragupta (c. 335 – 375 CE): He was the son and successor of Chandragupta I. Known for his extensive military conquests, he is often referred to as the "Napoleon of India" (a title given by V.A. Smith).
- 3. Chandragupta II (c. 376 – 415 CE): Also known as Vikramaditya, he was the son of Samudragupta. He is famous for defeating the Shaka Satraps of Western India and for the cultural zenith of the Gupta period.
- 4. Harshavardhana (c. 606 – 647 CE): He belonged to the Pushyabhuti dynasty (Vardhana dynasty) of Thanesar and later Kannauj. He ruled in the 7th century CE, significantly later than the Imperial Guptas.
Conclusion: The correct chronological sequence is Chandragupta I → Samudragupta → Chandragupta II → Harshavardhana.
Key Takeaway: The Imperial Gupta lineage follows the order: Chandragupta I (Founder) → Samudragupta (Conqueror) → Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya), while Harshavardhana belongs to the post-Gupta period (7th Century CE).