The correct option is Anti-defection law..
Explanation
The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985, was enacted to address the issue of political defection, which undermined the stability of democratic governance. It is widely known as the Anti-Defection Law.
Detailed Analysis
- Anti-defection law. is Correct: The 52nd Amendment Act provided for the disqualification of members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection from one political party to another. To facilitate this, it added the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution of India. It also amended Articles 101, 102, 190, and 191 regarding the vacation of seats and disqualification from membership.
- Lowering the voting age. is Incorrect: The voting age was lowered from 21 years to 18 years by the 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988.
- Panchayati Raj Institutions. is Incorrect: Panchayati Raj Institutions were granted constitutional status by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
- Right to Education. is Incorrect: The Right to Education was made a fundamental right (Article 21A) by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.
Key Takeaway
The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act (1985) introduced the Anti-Defection Law and inserted the Tenth Schedule into the Constitution to ensure stability in the parliamentary system.